Application of Item Response Theory (IRT)-Graded Response Model (GRM) to Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Scale

The scale of entrepreneurial ecosystems (EE) assesses the perceptions about ecosystem domains, finances, capital support, support professions, policies, markets, human resources, and culture. scales are always error-prone—these must possess properties that enable them it to provide maximum information validity reliability. Convenient sampling data from (n = 474) founders, co-founders, entrepreneurs were collected. IRT-GRM model is used validate test instrument-based on polytomous scales. IRT yields discriminating power—the level difficulty items scale. consists 48 items. item Pol5 (4.13) was found have highest value (4.13), mar5 had lowest (1.57), all values greater than threshold 0.60. EE Scale showed good reliability based McDonald’s omega Cronbach’s alpha (0.80 0.88). parallel factor analysis agreement one-dimesnionality goodness fit statistics comparative index (CFI) Tucker–Lewis index, (TLI) standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) a satisfactory fit; however, error approximation (RMSE) poor fit. characteristic curves responses properly ordered. discrimination power difficulty, three levels It concluded possesses psychometric reliable valid instrument measure given region.